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In the thin film solar cell technology in this emerging field, a number of Chinese companies far behind. However, this green energy technologies also face environmental challenges and the need to address market barriers

Status of Chinese solar energy industry a bit like a piece of South Africa’s World Cup side of the billboard: “British interests in China,” the emergence brings is hope for the future. But a billboard of “flash” and not overnight, put into a strong brand overall.

In fact, “broke into the World Cup,” the British interest groups is a member of China’s solar energy industry.

At present, the solar cell is divided into: crystalline silicon solar cells (including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon), amorphous silicon solar cells (the thin film solar cells), and multi-compound solar cells. In the three solar cells, the first two more common now, and diverse compounds for industrial production of solar cells as yet, so the market rarely get dell Inspiron 1501  dell Inspiron 1525 battery .

As the name suggests is the layer of thin film battery into the solar cell thin films, due to its silicon is extremely rare and therefore easier to reduce costs. At the same time, both as a highly efficient energy products, but also a new type of building material, more easily combine with the building. In the international market continued shortage of silicon raw materials, the context of thin film solar PV market development has become the new international trends and hot spots.

“Film” Rise

In the thin film solar cell technology, a leader in the United States, Japan and other countries business. However, some Chinese solar energy enterprises in this emerging area not far behind.

“This is mainly because of the low-cost thin film solar induced.” Solar energy industry, one analyst told the “China News Weekly”, the biggest advantage of thin film solar cells is that you can not use expensive silicon, less than the required materials polycrystalline silicon solar cells, energy consumption was significantly lower than silicon solar cells. Of course, the thin film solar energy and higher technical difficulty, is considered the next generation after the polycrystalline silicon solar cells solar energy technology.

Currently, more types of thin film solar cells, has been large-scale industrial production are mainly three kinds: silicon thin film solar cells, CIGS thin film solar cells (CIGS) and cadmium telluride thin film solar cells (CdTe). The latter technology is the world’s largest manufacturer of thin film solar cells the first U.S. solar energy (First Solar) the monopoly, the photoelectric conversion rate of 11% to 12% or more. CIGS thin film solar cell technology is not yet widely used, the conversion rate of 10%. China’s new development in recent years, more than for the silicon thin film solar cell technology. According to experts, China Electronics Materials Industry Association, Li Qing Yan introduced, although the industrial scale thin film solar cells with crystalline silicon cells currently there are still large compared to the gap, but it is increasingly accepted by the industry, thin film solar cell industry has developed rapidly in recent years dell Inspiron 1526 battery  dell Inspiron 1720 battery .

China’s large-scale production of thin film solar cells started in 2008. At that time, the high price of crystalline silicon, resulting in investors turning to the relatively low cost thin film solar cells in the field. Yingli Energy (Beijing) Co., Ltd. However, Chen Ling, Project Manager explained that, due to thin film coatings using crystalline silicon only, so the use of fewer raw materials, raw materials cost much cheaper than crystalline silicon cells.

“At that time, the price of crystalline silicon cells up to more than three U.S. dollars per watt, thin film battery is just over one U.S. dollar per watt. And low cost also mask many shortcomings.” The analyst told, “China News Weekly.”

The risk of nitrogen trifluoride

Thin film solar cell industry in order to beat the competition in the future polysilicon cell, the first one to face the environmental challenges – thin film released during the production of nitrogen trifluoride, is considered a greenhouse gas.

In 2008, the University of California, Irvine, professor of Earth System Science Maikeerpu Strasser (Michael Prather) and his colleagues in the “Journal of Geography of the Earth,” published research papers, said nitrogen trifluoride to the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide 17000 times. In the semiconductor, LCD panels and thin film solar cell production process may release nitrogen trifluoride.

Prather told the “China News Weekly,” nitrogen trifluoride significant greenhouse effect can exist in the atmosphere 550 years of very strong infrared absorption ability.

University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Director Leiwei Si (Ray Weiss), who also found that nitrogen trifluoride concentration in the atmosphere in 1978 0.02ppt up to 2008 0.454ppt. Weiss said that while the current generated by human activities, greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide accounts for 60%, only 0.04% of nitrogen trifluoride, but the proportion of nitrogen trifluoride may grow exponentially. He told the “China News Weekly”, “Our monitoring results show that the atmospheric emissions of nitrogen trifluoride higher than the expected 4 to 5 times.” dell Inspiron 1520 battery dell Inspiron 1521 battery  

At present, the “Kyoto Protocol” involves six kinds of gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. Prather and Weiss suggested that nitrogen trifluoride is also included in the required reduction of greenhouse gases out. On the other hand, Weiss also pointed out that emissions of nitrogen trifluoride proportion of very low, it is not the worst greenhouse gases. Moreover, most of the use of clean energy technologies, both thin film solar cells or wind turbines, the production of greenhouse gases will be accompanied by the emergence of life, but as long as they offset the greenhouse gas emissions, then these new technologies is still useful of.

For example, he said: “The thin film solar panels and more number of years of life, and they just need a year or two can make up for production of greenhouse gases released.”

“Intruders” needs to prove himself

Li Qing Yan told the “China News Weekly”, “At present, thin film solar cell solar cell industry in China, the proportion of only about 10%. Moreover, in the next 10 to 20 years within the industry it also does not dominate. ”

At present, the commercialization of thin film solar cell technology of the three, the silicon thin film technology is the most easy promotion; cadmium telluride technology as cadmium, heavy metals, so there is a potential risk of environmental pollution; the CIGS technology is due to the need use of indium, gallium, selenium three elements are rare earth elements, its production is limited, large-scale commercial point of view on the existence of certain obstacles. Silicon thin film technology, silicon is generally required, the company usually gets the technology and production lines, with the possibility of large-scale commercialization.

However, according to Chen Ling introduced, although the thin film solar cells look very cheap, but it is not the case. First of all, with the photoelectric conversion rate as high as 16%? 17% in terms of the crystalline silicon solar cells, thin film Dianchi’s conversion rate low, the battery current domestic Sheng Chan Neng reach about 8% 就 quite satisfactory; second, Youyu right thin film solar technology there are some doubts, so demand for thin film solar cells is still small, for export-oriented solar cell industry, even in China’s thin film solar cell production Jiaoda 商 it in Europe Meiyou any visibility. Furthermore, the production line more expensive, plus the smaller domestic producers in each production line depreciation costs. “These factors shared equally told, thin film solar cell production cost is not cheap.” Ran Chen Ling said.

It is understood that the existing 30 in China about thin film solar manufacturing enterprises, most of which use the European production line for production. Meanwhile, China’s major solar markets abroad. Foreign buyers to banks for loans, banks are most concerned about the credibility of solar cell manufacturers, so many buyers in the choice of producers when the multi-enterprise credit investigation as the main factor.

“Buyers have difficulty applying for bank loans, as produced in China thin film solar cells has not been a 10 or 20 years of the verification process, so banks do not trust you.” The solar industry analyst told reporters.

Chinese products in international market because few people used the lack of “birthright”, which is the thin film solar cell industry is facing problems. This may be the 80-year history in the World Cup, the first time the reason for China’s sponsors – the United Kingdom interest “into the World Cup,” the move, let people on the solar energy industry “in China,” added the prospect of hope dell INSPIRON 2600 SERIES  dell INSPIRON 2650 SERIES .

   According to experts, China Electronics Materials Industry Association, Li Qing Yan introduced, although the industrial scale thin film solar cells with crystalline silicon cells currently there are still large compared to the gap, but it is increasingly accepted by the industry, thin film solar cell industry has developed rapidly in recent years.

China’s large-scale production of thin film solar cells started in 2008. At that time, the high price of crystalline silicon, resulting in investors turning to the relatively low cost thin film solar cells in the field. Yingli Energy (Beijing) Co., Ltd. However, Chen Ling, Project Manager explained that, due to thin film coatings using crystalline silicon only, so the use of fewer raw materials, raw materials cost much cheaper than crystalline silicon cells.

“At that time, the price of crystalline silicon cells up to more than three U.S. dollars per watt, thin film battery is just over one U.S. dollar per watt. And low cost also mask many shortcomings.” The analyst told, “China News Weekly.”

The risk of nitrogen trifluoride

Thin film solar cell industry in order to beat the competition in the future polysilicon cell, the first one to face the environmental challenges – thin film released during the production of nitrogen trifluoride, is considered a greenhouse gas.

In 2008, the University of California, Irvine, professor of Earth System Science Maikeerpu Strasser (Michael Prather) and his colleagues in the “Journal of Geography of the Earth,” published research papers, said nitrogen trifluoride to the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide 17000 times. In the semiconductor, LCD panels and thin film solar cell production process may release nitrogen trifluoride.

Prather told the “China News Weekly,” nitrogen trifluoride significant greenhouse effect can exist in the atmosphere 550 years of very strong infrared absorption ability dell Inspiron 5150 battery  dell Inspiron 5160 battery .

University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Director Leiwei Si (Ray Weiss), who also found that nitrogen trifluoride concentration in the atmosphere in 1978 0.02ppt up to 2008 0.454ppt. Weiss said that while the current generated by human activities, greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide accounts for 60%, only 0.04% of nitrogen trifluoride, but the proportion of nitrogen trifluoride may grow exponentially. He told the “China News Weekly”, “Our monitoring results show that the atmospheric emissions of nitrogen trifluoride higher than the expected 4 to 5 times.”

At present, the “Kyoto Protocol” involves six kinds of gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. Prather and Weiss suggested that nitrogen trifluoride is also included in the required reduction of greenhouse gases out.

On the other hand, Weiss also pointed out that emissions of nitrogen trifluoride proportion of very low, it is not the worst greenhouse gases. Moreover, most of the clean energy technology use, both thin-film solar cells, wind generators Haishi a process that will accompany production of greenhouse gases, but as long Ta Men’s life enough to compensate for greenhouse gas emissions, then these new technologies is still useful of.

Example, he said: “The life of thin film solar panels and more number of years, and they just need a year or two can make up the production process the release of greenhouse gases.”

“Intruders” needs to prove himself

Li Qing Yan told the “China News Weekly”, “At present, thin film solar cell solar cell industry in China, the proportion of only about 10%. Moreover, in the next 10 to 20 years within the industry it is also not occupy a dominant position. ”

At present, the commercialization of thin film solar cell technology of the three, the silicon thin film technology is the most easy promotion; cadmium telluride technology as cadmium, heavy metals, so there is a potential risk of environmental pollution; the CIGS technology is due to the need use of indium, gallium, selenium three elements are rare earth elements, its production is limited, large-scale commercial point of view on the existence of certain obstacles. Silicon thin film technology, silicon is generally required, the company usually gets the technology and production lines, with the possibility of large-scale commercialization dell Inspiron 630m battery  dell Inspiron 6400 battery .

However, according to Chen Ling introduced, although the thin film solar cells look very cheap, but it is not the case. First of all, as opposed to photoelectric conversion rate of 16% 〜 17% of the crystalline silicon solar cells, the lower the conversion rate of thin film battery, the battery current domestic production can reach 8%, it has been pretty good; second , because of the thin film solar technology has some questions, so the market demand for thin film solar cells is also smaller for the export-oriented solar cell industry, even large Chinese manufacturer of thin film solar cells, not in Europe What is known. Furthermore, the production line more expensive, plus the smaller domestic producers in each production line depreciation costs. “These factors shared equally told, thin film solar cell production cost is not cheap.” Ran Chen Ling said.

It is understood that the existing 30 in China about thin film solar manufacturers, most of which use the European production line for production. Meanwhile, China’s major solar markets abroad. Foreign buyers to banks for loans, banks are most concerned about the credibility of solar cell manufacturers, so many buyers in the choice of producers when the multi-enterprise credit investigation as the main factor.

“Buyers have difficulty applying for bank loans, as produced in China thin film solar cells has not been a 10 or 20 years of the verification process, so banks do not trust you.” The solar industry analyst told reporters.

Chinese products in international market because few people used the lack of “birthright”, which is the thin film solar cell industry is facing problems. This may be the 80-year history in the World Cup, the first time the reason for China’s sponsors – the United Kingdom interest “into the World Cup,” the move, let people on the solar energy industry “in China,” added the prospect of hope dell Inspiron 640m battery ..

General Motors is in Michigan this month on the 14th of its battery factory during a news conference announced the warranty program. Not only that, GM also said the battery thermal control (thermal management system), charging system (charging system), electric drive components are within the scope of the warranty.

According to the plan, GM Chevrolet Volt will be in October or November of this year listed. In the dynamic version of the power before converting from gasoline can travel 40 miles in total. Voltage of 120 volts a sony VGP-BPS13B/S battery charge time is 8-10 hours charging voltage of 240 volts for 4 hours.

Managing Director of GM’s global electronic system, said Micky Bly, as consumers of electric cars electric plug used technology is not very familiar with, so want to be able guarantee service commitments enhance consumer confidence in their electric vehicles to enable them to use more at ease. He said that at present there is little for the dealers, VGP-BPS9A , VGP-BPS9A/B because GM did not volt electric car petrol version of the engine to make warranty service commitments. But Micky Bly also said that the service life of these vehicles and General Motors are usually at least 5 years, 100,000 miles is consistent with the standard itinerary.

In the industry view, the scope of this warranty will be assigned to plan lithium will attract the attention of more potential car buyers, and can effectively promote the Chevrolet Volt car sales. GM spokesman Rob Peterson declared: “Chevrolet Volt and Sony battery warranty period and the methods and models similar to other companies.” According to the plan, GM will manufacture and sale of Chevrolet Volt’s target early as in 2011, production and sales of 10,000, 2012 manufacturing and selling 30 000

AUO announced in June 2010 9 to 11, participated in the 2010 Munich solar technology at the Expo (Intersolar 2010), AUO display a full range of innovative solar photovoltaic technology. More than a year after the vertical supply chain integration, AUO has been in the industry on solar energy, middle and lower reaches of a number of internationally renowned master of technology, the industry’s only simultaneous integration of a number of leading technology companies.

Intersolar exhibition, AUO will display products including high conversion rate of EcoDuo monocrystalline solar modules, EcoDuo PM220P00 polycrystalline solar modules and the first appearance of the “Smart Module” solar modules. Intersolar Expo is the solar energy industry by the European Union (ESTIF), German Solar Industry Association (BSW) and the International Solar Union (ISES) and other professional organizations co-hosted since its inception in 1991, has become Europe’s largest solar energy technology and products exhibition Council, many of the industry each year to attract global manufacturers to come join the festivities.

AUO debut the industry’s leading “Smart Module” solar modules, a substantial increase in capacity. “Smart Module” modular surface coated with a layer of special film modules can reduce the reflection, in order to increase light penetration to the solar cells, leading to an increased capacity of solar modules VGP-BPS5 , VGP-BPS5A , VGP-BPS9 . The special film also has a self-cleaning capability, solar module breaks down foreign particles to clean the surface of the module. Therefore, not only in the line of light incidence, the reflection can be reduced to increase the light penetration for different angles of incident light, anti-reflective effect of it is growing significantly, and can increase the power generation module, while more staff to reduce the frequency of clean-up and reduce long-term maintenance costs. “Smart Module” which consists of the operation of the early solar system was about 3% capacity increase, after three months of installation, electricity generation increased to about 4%.

AUO is the industry’s only solar energy has a number of vertical supply chain, technology first “complete solution” (Total Solution) provider. In the silicon raw materials, AUO, M. Setek cooperation with Japan to obtain high-quality raw materials upstream polysilicon and wafer can produce the most efficient solar cells, wafers; to M. Setek advanced wire cutting technology, but also to create the world’s thinnest 140um thin silicon wafer; and its special silicon material recycling technology leads the world, not only through quality assurance, but also to make the process more environmentally friendly materials.

AUO continued close cooperation with global partners to accelerate the pace of solar energy industry to complete distribution of the vertical supply chain integration. AUO and solar cell maker SunPower and the United States joint venture solar cell factory in Malaysia, VGP-BPS13A/B , VGP-BPS13B/B through technical cooperation on patents will be able to create the world’s highest conversion efficiency of solar cells to provide better customer service support.

Its center of Brno in the European solar module plant is settled Taiwanese manufacturers in Europe’s first automated modular plant. Machines have been settled in April of this year, will start mass production in June 2011, annual capacity of 100MW. The production line are highly integrated process automation systems, Tong Guo automated production line design, the precision of Tai Fu parts can upgrade Quebao solar modules quality of the products to provide European users to “Designed in Taiwan, Europe” the best choice.

AUO will actively participate in more large-scale solar projects and investment proposals, expected to land in Italy (open field) solar power system project development plans, estimated to build the total generating capacity of at least 6.5 megawatts (MWp), which , located in Verona, northern Italy, the total generating capacity 752kWp project will be completed in June. AUO has continued to work closely with national local dealers, and common development of solar module sales network across the region (whole sale network), is expected to be completed by the end of this year, build global distribution locations, providing real-time global customers better energy services.

Municipal Development and Reform Commission deputy director Wu Delin at a news conference yesterday said that from today the implementation of the “Shenzhen city electric vehicle charging system specification” is a combination of locally developed electric car development in the actual technical specifications.

    “The specification will cover the nine specifications, mainly for electric vehicle charging system involves charging station and the monitoring system, charging devices (including the charger, charging pile) and its interface with communications-related technology provides for the principle. “he said, including general requirements, charging station and charge pile design, non-car charger, car charger, charging pile, charging station monitoring and management system, monitoring of non-car charger unit and battery management system communication protocol, non-vehicle charge machine interface and the city charging electric bus charging station.

    “With standardized charging facilities in the building and will have a guide. In addition, Shenzhen took the lead to develop electric vehicle charging facilities, technical standards, it is possible to develop the country and the relevant provinces and municipalities play a similar standard of reference and guide. “Wu Delin said, under the guidance of technical specifications, Shenzhen will accelerate the construction of supporting facilities charge,  8N544 , 9H348 thus contributing to the promotion and demonstration of electric vehicle applications.

 Wu Delin said, Shenzhen plans to 2012, in the public transportation (rental), civil, family cars and other three focus areas, demonstration and extension of various types of new energy vehicles 24 000, including bus 4000 (3000 hybrid buses, electric Bus 1000), Taxi 2500, official car 2500, 15,000 family cars, the first to build pilot demonstration and popularization of new energy vehicles in urban and industrial base of new energy vehicles.

    Wu Delin said that by 2012, annual direct savings of about 109,000 tons of refined oil, fuel cost savings of about 580 million yuan. At the same time, will reduce about 146,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, reducing carbon monoxide emissions of about 1026.6 tons, on the promotion of eco-city construction of significant results.

   “According to preliminary estimates, in 2012, Shenzhen new energy automotive industry, the annual sales income of 60 billion yuan over!” Wu Delin said, dragon and then to five continents represented by BYD Auto of Shenzhen new energy annual capacity of 15 000, respectively vehicles and 200 thousand scale KD186 , MM165 , WW116 .

Highlights

A bus, public, family cars charging stations will be different

    It is understood that new energy future to meet car charger Shenzhen needs, Shenzhen plans to build bus rapid slow all 25 charging stations, currently in use are 6, basically meet the 850 already in use in the new energy bus car needs.

    In addition, the planned power station in the cradle 19, 13 cradle power station under construction, the remaining six have been identified cradle power station site, to be started soon. In addition, as of 2012, official cars slow charge pile will reach 2,500, public slow charge pile 10000, public nearly 200 fast charging stations.

    Wu Delin introduction, transportation will be achieved through government investment, in addition to planning outside of public charging stations, but also in the bus companies and taxi companies to construct the car park fast charge pile. The official vehicle as if the social investment mainly in government institutions will choose the parking lot of the new fast charging pile, to meet the needs of emergency vehicles.

Second, the introduction of the new charging standard residential parking

    “Passenger vehicle is to promote the destination of new energy vehicles, so we planned residential area, high-end hotel parking lot, transportation hubs and other locations additional battery charging station and charge the appropriate piles, thus forming a network.” According to Wu Delin said, Shenzhen or parking lot in the new district to introduce charging standard pile, pile rechargeable electric vehicles or real estate will become the new essential facilities in Shenzhen.

    He said that the family cars charging facilities will be fully rely on social capital investment, through scientific development of design specifications and construction standards, to form a public transport, business and community battery charging station (pile) network.

  HP recall many times with questions related to notebook batteries . HP said in the assembly of certain notebook computer products may be of some batteries posed a potential security risk customers, these batteries may overheat, pose fire and burn risk customers.

As we all know, laptops are based on lithium battery materials. And lithium are unstable, overheating, short of physical properties of the life cycle, in order to improve the stability of the battery, lithium battery materials, manufacturers will add other elements. In other words, small and thin panels in, containing a variety of flammable substances in case of short circuit, overheating and other extraordinary circumstances, there is the possibility of fire.

    In fact, several years ago, began the safety of lithium exposure. Given that lithium is potentially dangerous, notebook makers should find ways to resolve it. But the current situation is that people on the battery lasting durability have become increasingly demanding, and manufacturers continue to meet consumer demand, so the performance of lithium battery manufacturers constantly being challenge. When the speed of technological development can not keep up demand, is often sacrificed the safety and quality products. In addition, the current safety standards for lithium batteries VGP-BPS9 , VGP-BPS9/B is also a bit confusing, standardized manufacturing processes and safety standards will further improve product quality and reduce the incidence of risk, but it is not easy to develop a unified standard. The blind pursuit of the current slim notebook design and user comfort, ignoring heat problems, will also affect safety. Lower if the safety of lithium-ion battery activity, the battery capacity will inevitably have to come down, which in itself is a contradiction.

    Industry experts, to address the safety of laptop battery , from two aspects, one from the technical solution, relying on technological means to resolve the bottleneck restricting their safety. Second, through the standard, through the development of norms, to a certain extent, to establish a business rule.

Introduction of lithium standard imperative

    Currently, lithium batteries have been used in home appliances and other industries. It is because of the widespread adoption of lithium batteries, its production standards are so very confusing. It is understood around the world, a standard laptop lithium batteries are in a confused state, national, industry has some standards, but not the same. The safety of lithium batteries has become a major drag the industry, so the lithium ion battery fully integrated design and manufacturing process quality control system is the industry in a large number of security incidents in lithium ion batteries and reached a consensus conclusion.

    China’s safety standards for lithium ion batteries as the lack of overall planning, on the one hand between the national and industry level standards, and lack of coordination between various industry standards, there are some cross-standard objects, repeated, on the other hand, there is no uniform standard guiding both simple safety standards, but also including electrical properties, environmental performance and safety for all of the requirements of the general norms such as the nature of the standards. Li-ion battery products as a household word, not only the unity of its safety standards, the need for adequate protection of consumer interests, but also reduce business costs, standard industry requirements.

Market production of lithium battery cathode material can split, divide, electrolyte, anode materials in four sub-sectors, accounting for these materials, lithium batteries cost 40% to 46%, 10% ~ 14%, 5% ~ 11% and 5% to 15%, the two cities have many associated manufacturers. The positive class materials, the materials focus on each country is different from the future trend, lithium iron phosphate because the indicators are good-grade material will become dominant. Domestic production of cathode material of many listed companies, but most of the production of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide and so on, the real production of lithium iron phosphate are not many manufacturers. Performance superior technology when l [60.203.44%], this is a new lithium laptop battery  is listed grade materials company, but the product currently lithium cobalt oxide was mainly used in the field of small lithium, lithium iron phosphate present in the laboratory stage, is studying industrial programs. * ST deflection [6.99-4.38%] owned subsidiary of Xianyang grams of phosphate lithium battery power production technology is relatively mature, not mass production, the current main business * ST deflection poor, faces re-difficult. In addition there is news that Shanghai Putian [11.45-1.80%], Hengdian East magnetic [18.360.60%] lithium iron phosphate is also under development, but no results.

Jiangsu Guotai [28.201.08%] be regarded as a leading enterprise electrolyte domestic product, according to company officials, this year the company electrolyte production capacity from 2000 tons in 2009 increased to 5,000 tons, in 2009 for the company’s main business has contributed 10.49% . More importantly, the company is R & D by foreign monopoly of lithium hexafluorophosphate project synthesis, production of lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte is an important electrolyte, the key is imported, Xu Chao possibility that the success of the project is very large. In the negative electrode material, China Baoan [9.610.52%] Shenzhen Bei Terui holding 62.3% of new energy company is the leading enterprise, the current yield of the domestic first, second in the world, the company dominated the production of anode materials. However, the 2009 annual report from China Baoan see, although the new energy business revenue up 51% year on year growth, but the proportion of total main business is only 8.75%, little effect on the performance of thickening. Car lithium divide There are still no firm can produce, including BYD, including all imported. However, the reporter was informed that production of small lithium battery separator of Fosugufen [13.200.69%] undertook 863 research and development program in this technology tasks, but still do not know the current progress.

Overall, although the two cities more than the current lithium battery manufacturers, Latitude D830 battery , latitude, such as one hundred million lithium to [28.821.41%], Desai battery [25.15-1.33%] and so on, but with the future development of the industry can really mass production for automotive high-power lithium battery manufacturers are not dynamic. 100 000 000 Wei Li can be claimed is the leading manufacturer of lithium battery Asia, but the products used in intelligent instruments, automotive electronics and electronic security industries, is not a car battery. Completely independent of this round of the broader market trend Desai battery main focus is mobile power, holding 75% of its subsidiary, Huizhou Poly battery can only carry out preliminary research and development, market speculation is that 39% of the 100 million of its shares to Electronics development Electric Vehicle power system management, while the technology leader, but only and Changan Automotive [10.10-1.27%] with co-operation, contribution to the performance of the company is not yet clear.

Over the years, engaged in power management business, semiconductor manufacturers try to keep up with the needs of end users of the system. Growing number of portable electronic products in the functional guise, these products need to peak performance, required equipment, the physical scale designers to achieve the highest possible efficiency. Although the battery industry to develop than traditional nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery efficient alternative to battery technology, but can not meet the new generation of portable devices on energy demand. Therefore, portable applications have to find a low-power circuit design innovation and development, so that designers can end the system to the greatest possible efficiency battery resources. In portable devices, power components is a major part of the budget, but it is clear that the demand to keep the change, semiconductor device manufacturers need to constantly innovate to help reduce the power consumption of portable devices.

Mobile phone, for example, reduce the analog and digital baseband chip devices such as handheld devices, the main operating voltage is one way to reduce power consumption. DSP or microprocessor without the need for maximum performance, they can reduce the core supply voltage and lower clock frequency. More and more new generation of low-power applications using this technology to the extent possible, energy saving system. Formula PC ~ (VC) 2.F describes a DSP core power consumption, here, PC is the core power consumption, VC is the core voltage, F is the core clock frequency. Reduce the internal clock frequency can reduce power consumption, reduce the core power supply voltage can be reduced more.

Advanced silicon and packaging technology can play any role

There are many new power-hungry portable device performance speaker design, this paper will be mainly low-voltage applications in the most common power switching power MOSFET as an example to illustrate the latest silicon breakthroughs on increasing power demand effects. To illustrate the impact of these technological advances,Inspiron 640m battery , Inspiron E1405 battery  it is necessary to understand some of the key parameters of power MOSFET.

Channel resistance (rDS (on)) is a channel of horizontal and vertical electric field control. Channel resistance of the main gate to source voltage difference by the decision. When VGS exceeds the threshold voltage (VGS (th)), FET begin conduction. Performance requirements for switch access many sites. Power MOSFET channel resistance and by the formula R = L / A to determine the physical size, where r is the resistivity, L is the channel length, A is the W x T, the channel cross-sectional area.

In the usual FET structure, L and W are determined by the geometry of the device, while the channel depletion layer thickness T is the distance between the two. The location of the depletion layer with the gate-source bias voltage or drain-source voltage changes. The location of the depletion layer with the gate-source bias voltage or drain-source voltage changes. When the T in the VGS and VDS reduced to zero under the influence, two pairs of edge depletion will be linked together to increase the channel resistance (rDS (on)) will be close to infinity.

Figure 1 is rDS (on) and VGS characteristic curve. Region 1 corresponds to the accumulated charge insufficient to produce the reverse situation. Region 2 corresponds to the condition that there is enough charge to P zone and forming part of the reverse channel, but not enough, because “space charge” effect is also very important. Region 3 corresponds to charge limited, when the gate electric potential rises, rDS (on) did not change significantly.

Threshold voltage (VGS (th)) is used to describe how much voltage is needed to make the channel conduction parameters. VGS control the size of the saturation current ID, VGS ID constants smaller increase would therefore require smaller VDS to achieve is the inflection point

Through the use of low threshold voltage of the transistor to achieve high performance and low power operation. In the signal path using a low threshold power MOSFET, can reduce the supply voltage (VDD), and thus does not affect performance in the premise of reducing switching power dissipation. This is why, in order to meet the user to lower power consumption, battery life,PC764 , Latitude D620 battery   the growing demand for portable electronic systems, many ASIC core voltage by 1.5V to work around. But until now, the lack of energy at such a low voltage power conduction MSOFET, designers do not use if the level conversion circuit, it is difficult to play than 1.8V on the voltage at the lower power consumption benefits of the use of level conversion circuit makes the circuit more complex and will also increase power consumption. VISHAY Siliconix pioneered in the industry a series of breakthrough power MOSFET, to ensure conduction voltage 1.5V to solve this problem.

From past experience, we need a no less than the threshold voltage of 1.8V for all power MSOFE the threshold point to compensate for the negative temperature coefficient. If the devices work in 125 ℃ temperature (which in portable applications is very likely the case), the existing MOSFET designs have to raise the threshold voltage MOSFET to prevent the occurrence of self-MOSFET conduction, because even if imposed by VGS as 0V, low threshold voltage MOSFET can also occur from the conduction.

In particular, portable devices and mobile phones on the requirements of multimedia features is endless. Designers should make every effort to provide greater data processing capabilities, the next generation of portable devices as much as possible to satisfy the special power requirements. But no doubt is that the use of advanced silicon processes and power MOSFET packaging technology will be able to provide power supply designers expect the efficiency of ultra-small size and low cost,Inspiron 9300 battery , Inspiron 9400 battery   these multimedia phones by the vision into reality.

Since the beginning of this year by the end of May, Tianjin will build the first batch of 100 electric vehicles charge pile. To mid-July, the charge can be put into piles, covering the northern China port city of this city-wide.

This is only the State Grid Corporation of China to enter the automotive industry’s ambitious new energy plan. The company has the power resources of the plan is to build the country in 2010 and 6209 of 75 exchanges cradle charging station Pile.

Although the domestic production and sales of electric cars is relatively small, but new energy automotive industry worldwide has become clear increasing trend in the rise. In the context of the international financial crisis, developed countries and multinational companies are looking for out of the crisis and the global economic crisis led to new technologies and new industrial pillar of the new energy vehicle development is undoubtedly the key competing countries.

Car in the new round of competition to gain the advantage, the world such as Japan, Germany, France, South Korea, have issued policy to support next-generation electric vehicle batteries and the development of an unprecedented intensity. U.S. goal is to make the United States by 2015 plug-in electric cars to reach 1 million total quantity.
 
According to the State Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and introduction of new energy vehicles planning requirements, 2020, the proportion of new energy vehicles in China accounted for one half of the car, about 65 million.

Since 2007, national implementation of the new energy vehicle access management, China has 18 enterprises of the hybrid electric bus, electric passenger cars, construction vehicles and other new energy nearly one hundred cars passed the review of automotive products into the market .

But the popularity of new energy vehicles have been facing infrastructure constraints. With the new energy automotive industry continues to expand the scale of domestic charging stations and other infrastructure supply shortage will be further highlighted. In the Government’s full support, as a charging station facilities, power grids, oil and other energy companies are also redoubling its efforts to accelerate the pace of the layout.

“Once the scale charging station, China’s new energy vehicles will be cleared a major obstacle to development of the industry.” State Grid Power Company of Tianjin, said general manager Zhang Ning.

Speed up the electric car market operations, not only mature technology, longer life mileage, sharp acceleration, more needs to be charged pile emplacement of post-processing and a series of battery systems to support large electric vehicles for everyday use,  VGP-BPS8 , VGP-BPS8A particularly Charging around the city every corner of the pile is the electric vehicles to market as quickly as possible whether the key.

State Grid Corporation of industries involved in charging stations obviously have the means to seize market opportunities. In addition to domestic companies with the grid in the South China Southern Power Grid Construction began charging stations, the China Petroleum and Sinopec is a huge industry on the charge station market prospects showed keen interest expressed in its existing 30,000 many gas stations, the construction of charging stations.

One of three Chinese oil giant China National Offshore Oil Corporation has a joint venture with China Putian specialized operating electric vehicle energy supply network, the first half of this year will be more than two provincial capitals in China, electric car charging station start.

The company also registered a new energy investment company in Tianjin, will Lishen Battery Co., Ltd. invested 5 billion yuan to build 20 power battery production line, to further expand production, research and development capabilities, to create the largest new energy industry base. State Grid Corporation of Tianjin is the first application of electric vehicle pilot one of seven provinces. As the electric vehicle industry, the basic link of the chain, in addition to the first batch of 100 electric vehicles charging pile, the Tianjin Electric Power Corporation will advance five major fast charging station construction.

Zhang Ning said: “The charging station would be consistent with State Grid Corporation of typical intelligent charging electric vehicles designed to run management system can meet the vehicle data acquisition and processing charge, charger control regulation, charge event logging functions.”

Preliminary estimates show that to a certain type of pure electric vehicles, for example, power consumption per 100 km only from 7 to 12 kwh, such as using fast charge mode, two-hour charge can travel 300 kilometers. In addition, replacement batteries can be used also means that customers hire a battery,VGP-BPS9 , VGP-BPS9/B  ，  when the vehicle battery is running out, the customer drove the car to the charging station, the other a battery replacement, easy and taxi users in the same time, can avoid peak.

Charging station building currently does not exist any technical problems. The report shows the average investment for a charging station is about 3 million yuan, a charge pile cost 2.5 million.

The original of the CPPCC Standing Committee, deputy director of Chen Qingtai Economic Committee, said a conservative estimate, 2030, if China’s electric vehicles take up car ownership of 20% -30%, then there may be oil imports decreased by 20%. Therefore, the development of new energy vehicles around the corner, on the one hand can significantly reduce dependence on foreign oil, the other is called on to respond to national energy conservation an important measure.

PC World — 
If you love the idea of a portable tablet PC, but can’t really come to grips with the lack of a physical keyboard on such devices, Lenovo’s S10-3t is here to help. This convertible tablet netbook  features a screen that swivels 180 degrees and lies flat, so you can have the conveniences of both a touchscreen and a physical keyboard.

Our review model, which is black and costs $549, features the 1.66GHz Intel Atom N450, 1GB of RAM, a 250GB hard drive, and a 10.1-inch LED multitouch screen. It also has a built-in Webcam and 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi. The unit comes with Windows 7 Starter as the operating system.

The Lenovo S10-3t isn’t a breathtaking netbook. It has a very shiny (and fingerprint-attracting) cover with a glittery square pattern. Its connections include two USB 2.0 ports, an ethernet port, a VGA-out port, headphone and microphone jacks, and a front-loading SD card slot.

For a 10.1-inch netbook, the S10-3t is pretty slim at just 0.79 inches thick. With the four-cell standard battery, it weighs 2.7 pounds (a larger eight-cell battery raises the weight to 3.3 pounds). This is a good weight for a netbook, but a little on the heavy side for a tablet. Though the larger battery gives you significantly more life than does the standard battery, the battery pack sticks out almost an inch from the back of the netbook and makes holding the device for more than a few minutes awkward and uncomfortable.

I definitely appreciate the full-size physical keyboard–but in tablet mode, you have no virtual keyboard, which can be very annoying if you like to work in that mode. The keys are nice and big, but a little too springy for my taste–they have no weight at all, which makes typing uncomfortable and promotes typos galore.

The trackpad is another story–it’s about an inch-and-a-half tall, with two integrated buttons denoted by tiny dots on the lower corners. And it’s textured, so there’s no mistaking where it is (though, if you blink you might miss it). For what it’s worth, the trackpad works nicely. Scrolling is smooth and the buttons are easy to press. It’s just so small. Lenovo presumably didn’t spend too much time (or real estate) on the trackpad because the good old touchscreen is right in front of you, but still, I would’ve appreciated something a little larger.

GE Energy Storage Technologies (NYSE: GE), a unit of GE Transportation recently unveiled its Durathon battery technology for utility companies.

GE says the sodium-based can have an operable life of up to 20 years, providing an alternative to costly new power generation.

Large-scale batteries will play a key role in future smart grids, and GE’s battery was developed to support a broad range of utility-oriented applications, including leveling spikes in peak demand and storing renewable power generated by wind and solar power.

GE says the batteries are well suited for applications in extreme temperature environments because they do not need an expensive controlled environment to deliver peak performance.

GE is investing $150 million in a new battery plant will be located in Schenectady, New York. The plant is expected to create 350 new cleantech jobs in the region.

The facility has the advantage of being in close proximity to GE Global Research in Niskayuna, where researchers will continue to work on enhancements to the battery chemistry and related systems technology.

Saft, ABB Utility-Scale Battery

In a separate announcment, French batter maker Saft, is providing lithium-ion battery technology for a utility-scale energy storage system offered by ABB.

The power storage adds a smart-grid function to ABB’s established SVC Light technology.

ABB is targeting the SVC Light with Energy Storage concept at industrial, distribution and transmission level energy storage applications. It offers an integrated solution for installations that require the continuous voltage control and frequency regulation essential for grid stability combined with short term power support to cover load or supply variations.  

The SVC Light with Energy Storage will store power from renewable energy sources and surplus power from the grid in its Saft Li-ion battery system. At times when the level of renewable power available falls, such as when the wind drops or photovoltaic panels are obscured by cloud, or whenever a peak in power consumption occurs, the system will inject the power required to provide controlled ramping and to maintain a stable grid.  

Saft said rated power and capacity are typically in the range of 20 MW for minutes to tens of minutes. However, up to 50 MW for 60 minutes and beyond is possible.